Interactive TV
Spies on Viewers

We haven't been told the truth about digital interactive television.

While consumers are sold on home shopping and games, broadcasters are busy selling their new ability to monitor people in their homes. Hear one describe the huge amounts of data he will gather:

"Changing channels, selecting certain programmes, viewing habits, browsing through interactive sites, purchasing habits, all that kind of stuff we can track. Every click, we can track. We will be recording that information."

Everything move you make, for an average of four hours a day, will go into a file with our name on it. Who gets use of that file? Large companies, government.. the highest bidder. What control do you have? None. What is it being used for? Here's how one consultant put it:

"What we're all trying to do is change or reinforce existing behaviour."

Control. That's the buzzword being used to sell interactive television. But who is getting that control? For a year David Burke, British Editor of the anti-television magazine White Dot, has been talking to broadcasters, marketers, advertisers and IT consultants about their plans for this machine - the TV set that watches you. The resulting book Spy TV is now on sale.

What you, or other members of your family, watch on TV reveals more than you think. This book describes how your "telegraphics" will be analysed to build demographic, lifestyle, market segment and, finally, psychographic profiles.

"I can tell you loads of things about Brighton," says one database analyst, "I can tell you wonderful things about the electoral roll, lifestyle data, demographic data. I can get huge amounts of information off that, okay? If only I could then start to segment those households further by their behaviours or their emotions or their personal likes and dislikes from their TV viewing, it's fantastic. It's phenomenal!"

The intimacy and sophistication of these profiles is unprecedented, made possible by the enormous amounts of data generated by viewers, a century of behavioural research and the use of neural networking software to identify patterns and find behavioural fingerprints that link viewers to people of the same psychological makeup.

What motivates you? What makes you anxious? What makes you jump? Now your TV set will know. And it can show you alone content designed to act on that information. The people who make interactive television admit their systems create experimental conditions in the home. The computers that control your TV set will show you something, check to see how you react, and then show you something different. That's not just convenient. It is a loop of stimulus, response and measurement designed like those boxes where rats hit buttons to get food or avoid electric shocks.

Your behaviour is the video game these men are playing. Here a database analyst working with one of the interactive broadcasters talks the new language of home entertainment:

"You have to create some control group testing, in effect throw people some placebos. So if we're trying to increase their spend, or increase their usage or increase their customer satisfaction scores, we'll take one group and split it down the middle and expose it to two separate batches of data presentation."

Whoever controls your interactive TV will be able to spend years of your life just trying different combinations of programming until they find out what makes you do things. And increasingly, that controller will not be human. It will be a computer running artificial intelligence software, capable of learning and adapting. "The ultimate goal," says one consultant, "is to crack human personality in real time."

And when that goal is reached, even if they just come close, how easy will it be to sell each viewer a bottle of shampoo? A government policy? A new form of government? "There is no limit to this technology," says one excited broadcaster, "The limit is only as far as the mind can imagine!"

David Burke agrees. That's how he wrote most of the book:

"Every time I thought of some new way interactive TV could work," he says, "to control viewer behaviour, I called up the companies involved and found they were already working on it. The unbelievable thing is: we are actually paying them to do this to us!"

Privacy International awarded Spy TV a "Winston" at its 1999 Big Brother Awards and now joins White Dot in calling for a boycott of interactive television until six Demands of Viewer Privacy are met. "None of them are odious," says Burke, "They're just the conditions of ownership most viewers thought they were getting anyway."

With interactive television, no one gets what they think they're paying for, except the companies and governments who decide what information it will gather and how it will be used on viewers. When interviewed, Matthew Timms of Two Way TV saw the funny side of all this:

"..somehow they feel they're sitting there," says one, "it's just them and the television - even though the reality is it's got a wire leading straight back to somebody's computer."

Ha ha ha! This "service" is destroying a concept of privacy in the home that dates back 600 years. Spy TV has been written to call off this practical joke. Ask yourself: Who is this particular "digital revolution" overthrowing? Make sure it's not you.

The Boycott:     Be an Early Rejector!

The makers of interactive television are keen to attract "Early Adopters" - people who like new technology and will create momentum behind their product. Instead of buying, we invite you join our boycott of interactive TV and help us tell the truth about it. Help us create an informed debate about this technology while people are still weighing up the alternatives.

  • If you have interactive television, get rid of it. Write a letter to your provider explaining why.
  • Write to other interactive TV providers in your area, explaining that you are will not sign up unless they agree to the Demands of Viewer Privacy, listed below:

The Demands of Viewer Privacy

  • The provider agrees not to gather or sell information about viewers for marketing purposes.

  • The provider agrees not to create viewer profiles or to study viewer behaviour with the aim of then influencing viewer attitudes or behaviour.

  • The provider agrees not to customise or target any content - advertising, programming or services - with the aim of affecting viewer attitudes or behaviour.


  • The provider agrees not to allow interactivity in advertising or branded programming aimed at children.


  • The provider agrees to provide viewers with a full explanation of all changes made to any interactive system, and a chance to reject any upgrade at no cost.


  • The provider will furnish, through the television if possible, a complete copy of all information the provider holds about the viewer. Where data is unintelligible to anyone but the provider's computer software, it will be converted into easily understood reports.


    • Talk to people in the communications chain with television providers. For example, visit a department store that sells digital televisions and say you want one that does not offer interactivity, because you have heard they are designed to monitor and manipulate viewers. Make sure to speak with the manager responsible for buying decisions.
    • Write to companies that advertise or offer services on interactive television. Express your disappointment that they have chosen to take part in a business that puts their profit over your civil liberty.
    • When writing to companies, it is worthwhile sending two copies: one to the managing director and one to the customer services department.

    Self-Regulation is not Enough

    Interactive television providers seem to be hoping that no one will think to ask questions about privacy. And many people do not because they assume the law already protects them. But they are mistaken.

    Britain, for instance, has no privacy law - only a Data Protection Act. It requires the broadcasters to register what information they are collecting and who is allowed access to it. The Act requires broadcasters to show viewers what is held. But it doesn't stop them collecting anything they want. It doesn't stop them using data to manipulate viewers for unnamed clients, and it doesn't require that the data shown to viewers is translated into a form they can understand. If the data is nothing but computer codes, viewers may be left scratching their heads.

    As Caspar Bowden of the Foundation for Information Policy Resarch says, "In Europe, Data Protection principles no longer cut it. We don't just need informed consent, we need the right to not be surveilled - whether or not this is part of a freely offered commercial service."

    Meanwhile, the United States, unlike countries all over the world, does not even have a Data Protection Act. In the land of the free, anyone can collect any kind of information about you and not even tell you what they're doing.

    Privacy is never about information, it's about power - "the right to be left alone". Take that power back! Help us make privacy the next home electronics "must have".

    • Write to your representatives in government demanding effective privacy legislation and regulation of interactive TV.
    • Write to the broadcasting and data protection regulators in your country, demanding that they put the viewers' right to privacy before the financial gain of the broadcast industry.
    • If you believe that a contract you signed did not adequately warn you of the surveillance to which you would be exposed, demand that the regulator help you get compensation.
    Write to these people in Britain:

    Office of the Data Protection Registrar
    Wycliffe House
    Water Lane
    Wilmslow, Cheshire SK9 5AF
    01625 545745
    www.dataprotection.gov.uk (This website provides a useful list of every data protection office in the world - http://www.dataprotection.gov.uk/dpalist.htm)

    Office of Telecommunications (OFTEL)
    Consumer Representation Section
    50 Ludgate Hill
    London
    EC4M 7JJ
    0171 634 8888
    http://www.oftel.gov.uk

    Department of Trade and Industry
    Enquiry Unit
    1 Victoria Street
    London SW1H 0ET
    020 7215 5000
    http://www.dti.gov.uk

    Independent Television Commission
    33 Foley Street
    London W1P 7LB
    0171 255 3000
    http://www.itc.org.uk

    Tell the Truth

    Broadcasters are spending millions of dollars to promote and lobby for the interests of interactive television. In minutes, a large company can mobilise its workforce to email and petition legislators, creating their own "astroturf" grass roots activism.

    Without millions of dollars to spend, this boycott and any calls for privacy legislation will require ordinary people to do some promoting on their own. Please help us spread the truth about interactive television.

    • Tell friends and relatives about interactive TV and this boycott
    • Put a line like this one in the signature block of your emails and usenet postings:

    Interactive TV spies on viewers. Join the boycott: http://www.spytv.co.uk

    White Dot in Britain
    PO Box 2116
    Hove, E Sussex BN3 3LR
    www.whitedot.org
    info@whitedot.org
    White Dot in USA
    PO Box 577257
    Chicago, IL 60657-7257
    www.whitedot.org
    info@whitedot.org